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Ans.IntroductionQuantum computers are incredibly capable machines that adopt another strategy for data processing. He is using the phenomena of quantum mechanics. By abusing this natural behavior, quantum computing can execute new types of algorithms to manage data in a complete way. It is conceivable that one day will move quickly to the dissemination of materials and medicines, to the rationalization of complex simulated frameworks and to man's intellectual capacity.History 1982 - Richard Feynman proposes making an auto in view of the laws of value control as opposed to the laws of established classical physics. 1985 - David Deutsch built up the quantum Turing machine, demonstrating that quantum circuits are widespread. 1994 - Peter Shor (Bell Labs) developed a quantum algorithm to compute substantial numbers in polynomial time. 1997 - Lov Grover built up a quantum search database algorithm with a time complexity of O (√N). Benefits•Quantum computer within few years will be able to perform tasks just like the classical computers.•Uses several algorithms that helps in cryptography.•The superiority of quantum computing is discovered when implemented with algorithms like Shor’s algorithm.•Using several applications of quantum computing are now being used like cryptography, weather forecasting, artificial intelligence, etc.Problems and limitation of Cloud Computing•Interface: In the middle of the calculation phase, the basic aggravation in a quantum structure causes the deformation of the entire calculation, a procedure known as de- coherence. In this way, a quantum computer must be completely disconnected from any external interference in the calculation phase. Some excellent results have been obtained with the use of qubits in exceptional magnetic fields.•Error of connection: Since the detachment of a quantum structure proved to be a problematic test to be solved, error correction frameworks for quantum calculations were produced. Because qubits are not computerized bits, they cannot use common troubleshooting techniques and, due to the nature of quantum computing, error correction is an exceptionally sensitive problem. •Remarks of Outputs: The results obtained from a quantum computer for some problems are in a probabilistic framework. At the end of the day, they could not be right and, based on these lines, they should be verified. In the event that a specific provision is not correct, the calculation must be repeated until the correct answer is obtained.•Innovation A few key innovation have been made in the field of quantum computing lately. Here are some of them recorded: In the year of 1998 - Los Alamos and MIT scientists figured out how to spread a solitary qubit through three atomic twists in every particle of a fluid arrangement. In the year of 2000 - Los Alamos lab researchers reported the innovation of a 7 qubit quantum computer in a solitary drop of water. 4. In the year of 2001 - Stanford University and IBM researchers effectively exhibited the Shor algorithm in a quantum computer. In the year of 2005 - The University of Innsbruck's Quantum Information and Quantum Optics Institute reported that researchers could make the primary qubyte utilizing ionic traps. 5. In the year of 2006 - Scientists from Massachusetts and Waterloo have formulated techniques for quantum control in a 12-qubit framework. In the year of 2007 – A new Canadian organization of waves D has represented a quantum computer of 16 qubits. The computer illuminates a Sudoku perplex and other pattern coordinating issues.ApplicationsPost quantum CryptographyThis type of cryptography generally refers to the algorithm that are applicable for implementing cryptography and are always considered to be safest algorithm against an attack by a quantum computer. Quantum computers nowadays uses the Shor’s algorithm which can easily break through the elliptic-curve discrete logarithm problem, the integer factorization problem and the discrete logarithm problem.Artificial IntelligenceAI is an emerging technology which has the capability to change the way of the world. Merging with quantum computing it has the capability to automate the entire globe. AI is now been used in many field of applications like online chess playing, cars implemented with auto-pilot, etc.TeleportationTransferring large chunk of files from one place to another is always a process that takes a lot of time in the realm of computers. Quantum transfer thus simplifies it and makes the quantum enabled computer to transfer quantum of information from one point to another in an instant. It is more interested in transferring the information without moving the matter itself.Quantum communicationQuantum communication is a security process that help protecting the information channel from attacks like eavesdropping and spying. It helps to identify the eavesdropper by channelizing two bits between the sender and the receiver.Future of Quantum Computing Quantum theory is only an assumption, it is unthinkable to anticipate exactly what will be the consequence of a quantum computer. Although it is exceptionally difficult to acquire a reliable quantum computer in a couple of decades, quantum computing algorithms are a part of human ingenuity. They have an estimate, with or without a quantum computer.ConclusionQuantum computers could replace classic computers day by day, however, for the time being, quantum computing is still in its early stages of improvement and many researchers are confident that innovation and new technologies are needed to make a quantum computer. In fact, the most developed quantum computer does not go beyond the control of over 16 qubits. These must have no less than ten qubits to have the ability to solve problems in the real world.